Phosphate excretion in uremic rats: effects of parathyroidectomy and phosphate restriction

As progressive renal failure develops, phosphate excretion per functioning nephron increases, thus preserving homeostasis. To test whether dietary phosphate supply might contribute to the regulation of renal phosphate excretion in the uremic setting, groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats that were either parathyroidectomized (PTX) or sham PTX (S-PTX) and either five-sixths nephrectomized (Nx) or sham Nx (S-Nx) were studied following a 4-wk dietary regimen consisting of 0.1 or 0.7% phosphate. For Nx rats fed the 0.7% phosphate diet the fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPi) was enhanced (47 +/- 6 vs. 21 +/- 3%) and the maximum tubular reabsorption of phosphate per milliliter GFR (TmPi/GFR) was suppressed (1.65 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.33 +/- 0.19 mumol/ml). FEPi was unchanged by PTX in these Nx animals (42 +/- 6 vs. 47 +/- 6%). TmPi/GFR remained suppressed in PTX, NX animals when compared with S-Nx, PTX controls (3.38 +/- 0.33 vs. 5.07 +/- 0.41 mumol/ml). For rats fed the 0.1% phosphate diet Nx did not affect TmPi/GFR in either S-PTX (5.40 +/- 0.43 vs. 4.97 +/- 0.34 mumol/ml) or PTX (7.03 +/- 0.23 vs. 6.98 +/- 0.21 mumol/ml) animals. For both S-Nx and Nx animals the effects of PTX and dietary phosphate restriction on TmPi/GFR were independent and additive. In all groups of animals, tubular reabsorption of phosphate per milliliter GFR (TRPi/GFR) dropped acutely with continued infusion of phosphate once TmPi/GFR was achieved. Thus, a resetting of TRPi/GFR occurs among Nx rats in response to both chronic dietary phosphate deprivation and acute intravenous phosphate loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)