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Updated: Aug 3, 2026

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination
Published on: April 29, 2015
Protocol for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of human antigen-specific T cells by activation-induced marker and Th1
Gianluca Rotta1, Valentina Achille2, Scott J Bornheimer3
1Becton, Dickinson & Company, 20161 Milan, Italy.
Flow cytometry characterization of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells is a valuable tool to study adaptive immunity. Here, we present a protocol for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of human antigen-specific T cells by activation-induced marker (AIM) and Th1 cytokine detection. We describe steps for preparing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for stimulation followed by washing and staining PBMCs for flow cytometry. We then detail procedures for acquisition and analysis. This protocol has potential applications in the field of vaccine immunology and immuno-oncology. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Altosole et al.1.
Flow cytometry characterization of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells is a valuable tool to study adaptive immunity. Here, we present a protocol for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of human antigen-specific T cells by activation-induced marker (AIM) and Th1 cytokine detection. We describe steps for preparing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for stimulation followed by washing and staining PBMCs for flow cytometry. We then detail procedures for acquisition and analysis. This protocol has potential applications in the field of vaccine immunology and immuno-oncology. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Altosole et al.1.
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