Endosonography in head and neck imaging and surgery

Area of Science:

• Otorhinolaryngology
• Head and Neck Surgery
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Endosonography is an evolving imaging modality.
• Advancements in probe technology and imaging resolution enhance its utility.
• It offers improved visualization within the upper respiratory tract.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of endosonography in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery.
• To describe sonoanatomy, probe selection, and scanning techniques.
• To highlight applications in diagnosis and oncologic management.

Main Methods:

• Description of sonoanatomy for oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
• Guidance on probe selection and scanning techniques.
• Review of applications in diagnosing salivary gland diseases, abscesses, and laryngeal cancer.

Main Results:

• Transoral ultrasound aids in diagnosing salivary gland diseases, oropharyngeal abscesses, and guiding biopsies.
• Endoscopic endolaryngeal ultrasound is effective for small laryngeal cancer detection and staging.
• Endosonography assists surgical planning in oral tongue carcinoma by assessing invasion depth.

Conclusions:

• Endosonography is valuable for diagnosing and managing head and neck conditions, particularly oncology.
• High-frequency endosonography is crucial for detecting small oropharyngeal tumors in HPV-positive cancers of unknown primary.
• Broader clinical integration of endosonography can enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.