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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

322
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Lateralization01:28

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Developmental Mismatch Across Brain Modalities in Young Children.

Xiangyu Long1, Madison Long1, Jamie Roeske1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Brain Connectivity
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Preschool brain development shows distinct patterns for structure and function. Understanding these brain development matches and mismatches is key for identifying atypical development in young children.

Keywords:
developmentmismatchmulti-modalitiesyoung children

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Imaging

Background:

  • Preschool brain development is crucial for cognitive and behavioral maturation.
  • Understanding typical brain maturation aids in early identification of atypical development.
  • Previous research suggests developmental mismatches in later childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental matches and mismatches between structural and functional brain measures in preschoolers.
  • To analyze longitudinal changes across multiple neuroimaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-modal neuroimaging data from 67 typically developing preschoolers (ages 2.0-7.6).
  • Analyzed brain volume, cortical thickness, fractional anisotropy, cerebral blood flow (CBF), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and eigenvector centrality mapping (ECM).

Main Results:

  • Functional brain measures (CBF, ECM, ReHo, ALFF) exhibited similar regional developmental trajectories.
  • Brain volume and cortical thickness showed more heterogeneous developmental trajectories.
  • Individual brain volumes and cortical thickness accurately predicted longitudinal scans.

Conclusions:

  • Characterized the complex interplay of different brain development types in early childhood.
  • Provides a foundation for studying environmental impacts and neurodevelopmental disorders on brain development patterns.
  • Highlights distinct developmental trajectories for structural versus functional brain measures.