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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types
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Epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation in plants.

Lisha Shen1

  • 1Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.

Trends in Plant Science
|December 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulate gene expression. m6A-driven phase separation forms biomolecular condensates, crucial for plant development and stress adaptation by organizing RNA metabolism.

Keywords:
biomolecular condensatesepitranscriptomem(6)Aphase separationplant developmentstress responses

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epitranscriptomic regulation, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications, adds complexity to gene control.
  • Phase separation and the formation of m6A-associated biomolecular condensates are increasingly recognized for their roles in plant RNA metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of how m6A and its effectors mediate biomolecular condensate formation.
  • To elucidate the role of these condensates in plant development and stress adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on m6A epitranscriptomics and phase separation in plants.
  • Analysis of proposed models for m6A-associated biomolecular condensates.

Main Results:

  • m6A modifications influence the assembly of biomolecular condensates.
  • These condensates act as regulatory hubs for RNA metabolism, impacting plant growth and response to environmental challenges.
  • m6A effectors play a key role in condensate formation and function.

Conclusions:

  • m6A-mediated phase separation is a critical mechanism for regulating RNA metabolism in plants.
  • Biomolecular condensates are dynamic platforms for integrating epitranscriptomic signals to control plant development and stress adaptation.
  • Further research into m6A-associated condensates holds promise for understanding plant resilience.