Demographic and Pathogen Profiles of Superficial Fungal Infections-A Single-Centre Observational Study in Poland

Superficial fungal infections (SFI) are contagious conditions affecting the skin and its appendages, caused by various fungal species. Monitoring the distribution of common pathogens and identifying at-risk patient groups are essential for effective management and prevention.

This study investigates the characteristics of SFI in Poland's Malopolska region from 2017 to 2019, focusing on etiological agents, infection sites and risk factors.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4522 mycological cultures from 3594 patients, incorporating demographic data (age, sex), sample sites and mycological test results.

Among the 1175 positive mycological tests recorded from 959 patients, Trichophyton rubrum-primarily affecting toenails and feet-and Candida albicans-mainly targeting fingernails-were the most common pathogens across all age groups. Children exhibited a higher incidence of infections caused by Microsporum canis, Malassezia furfur and T. mentagrophytes. In contrast, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was more frequently identified in individuals over 60 years old.

The observed trends in SFI characteristics at our centre during the pre-pandemic period align with global epidemiological data. However, further studies are warranted to address existing gaps in understanding the epidemiology of SFI and to refine preventive and therapeutic strategies.