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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

851
Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
851

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From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Pediatric lymphomas: overview and diagnostic challenges.

John Kim Choi1, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez2

  • 1Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP P30N, 619 19Th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7331, USA. johnchoi@uabmc.edu.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|December 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric lymphomas differ from adult types, with unique subtypes and genetic alterations. This review highlights the 2022 World Health Organization classification, focusing on diagnostic criteria and better prognoses for pediatric cases.

Keywords:
IRF4 rearrangement11q alterationsBurkitt lymphomaEBV + lymphoproliferationsHodgkin lymphomaPediatric lymphomasPediatric-type follicular lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pediatric lymphomas are rare, accounting for only 10% of new diagnoses in the USA.
  • While diagnostic criteria are shared, significant differences exist in certain pediatric lymphoma subtypes compared to adult forms.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 classification now includes specific guidelines for pediatric hematopoietic tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the WHO classification of pediatric lymphomas.
  • To summarize diagnostic criteria, genetic findings, and differences from adult counterparts.
  • To discuss emerging subtypes and diagnostic challenges in pediatric lymphomas.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 classification of pediatric hematopoietic tumors.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, genetic alterations, and prognostic factors for pediatric lymphomas.
  • Comparative review of pediatric versus adult lymphoma subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric lymphomas often exhibit distinct frequencies, genetic mutations, and prognoses, with generally better outcomes.
  • Emerging B-cell lymphomas with specific gene alterations (e.g., IRF4 rearrangement, 11q gain/loss) are highlighted.
  • Overlapping features suggest pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma (PNMZL) may represent a single disease spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The WHO 2022 classification provides a framework for understanding pediatric lymphomas.
  • Genetic insights and recognition of unique subtypes are crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into EBV's role and novel entities like PTFL/PNMZL is warranted.