Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

4.5K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
4.5K
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

1.8K
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
1.8K
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

10.8K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
10.8K
Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:18

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

1.6K
Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are...
1.6K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.5K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.5K
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.8K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting ACKR3/CXCR7 Enhances Platelet Anticoagulant Acylcarnitines and Modulates Procoagulant Function.

Blood·2026
Same author

Symptom Improvement with BDP/FF/G Fixed Triple Inhalation Powder in Moderate to Severe COPD Patients Uncontrolled with Dual Therapies: A Non-Interventional, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Prospective Study (RESPONSE Slovenia).

COPD·2026
Same author

An ancient retrotransposon provides species-specific tuning of IL-18 inflammatory signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Predictors of deep brain stimulation response in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Visualizing pain-processing networks with 7T resting-state functional MRI using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Robustness of lead reconstruction for deep brain stimulation modelling and probabilistic mapping.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
05:28

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

Published on: November 19, 2015

8.9K

Gαi2 Signaling Regulates Neonatal Respiratory Adaptation.

Veronika Leiss1, Katja Pexa2, Andreas Nowacki1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomic, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Clinic, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gαi2 deficiency impairs neonatal respiratory adaptation, causing mortality in newborn mice due to breathing difficulties. This highlights Gαi2's role in lung development and surfactant function.

Keywords:
Gαi-signalingGαi2lung developmentneonatal lethalityrespiratory distress syndrome (RDS)surfactant

More Related Videos

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

522
Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
05:28

Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

Published on: November 19, 2015

8.9K
Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

522
Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Heterotrimeric Gi proteins, particularly Gαi2, are vital for G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
  • Previous studies indicated partial lethality in Gαi2-deficient mice, but the cause was unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of mortality in Gαi2-deficient neonates.
  • To elucidate the role of Gαi2 in neonatal respiratory adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Gnai2-deficient mice neonates.
  • Histological and ultrastructural examination of lung tissue.
  • Assessment of respiratory function and surfactant structure.

Main Results:

  • Gnai2-deficient neonates exhibited significant mortality shortly after birth.
  • Impaired neonatal respiratory adaptation, including abnormal breathing and cyanosis, was observed.
  • Lung histology revealed reduced alveolar surface area and impaired surfactant ultrastructure.

Conclusions:

  • Gαi2 plays a critical role in neonatal respiratory adaptation and lung alveolarization.
  • Gαi2 influences the structural organization and function of pulmonary surfactant.
  • While not indispensable, Gαi2 is a key regulator of alveolar stabilization.