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Standard Deviation

Standard Deviation

The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

Editorial Commentary: Return-to-Play and Return-to-Sport Metrics Require Standardization.

Matthew T Rasmussen¹, Dustin R Lee¹, David E Hartigan¹

¹Bloomington, Minnesota (M.T.R., D.R.L.).

Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

|December 21, 2024

Summary

Orthopaedic surgery outcomes need better metrics. Standardized return-to-play (RTP) and return-to-sport (RTS) measures are crucial for accurately assessing patient function and recovery after surgery.

Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

Restoring patient function is a key goal in orthopaedic surgery.

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Current return-to-play (RTP) and return-to-sport (RTS) metrics lack standardization and often rely on subjective patient recall.

Existing metrics fail to account for varying patient activity levels and goals.