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Related Concept Videos

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Base Quantities and Derived Quantities01:14

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In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base quantities of the system, and their units are the base units of the system. The algebraic combinations of the base values can then be used to express all other physical quantities. Each of these physical quantities is then referred to as a derived quantity, with each unit being referred to as a derived unit.
The International Organization for...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
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[Current Knowledge of Base Editing and Prime Editing].

O A Averina1,2,3, S A Kuznetsova1,4, O A Permyakov1,3

  • 1Institute of Functional Genomics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|December 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Base editing and prime editing (PE) offer efficient, accurate genome editing without DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). These advanced tools are revolutionizing genetic engineering for diverse research applications.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas technologybase editingnucleoside deaminasesprime editingrepair systemsreverse transcriptase

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional genome editing methods often require donor templates and induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA.
  • Base editing and prime editing (PE) have emerged as advanced genetic engineering technologies.
  • These newer methods offer improved accuracy, simplicity, and multiplexing capabilities compared to older techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on base editing and prime editing technologies.
  • To analyze the architecture, creation methods, specificity, efficiency, and versatility of these genome editors.
  • To discuss the prospective applications and implications of these technologies in various scientific fields.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent publications on base editing and prime editing.
  • Analysis of editor architecture and methods for their creation.
  • Evaluation of editor specificity, efficiency, and versatility based on published data.

Main Results:

  • Base editing and prime editing provide efficient and reliable genome editing.
  • These technologies obviate the need for donor templates and double-strand breaks (DSBs).
  • The review details their architecture, creation, specificity, efficiency, and versatility.

Conclusions:

  • Base editing and prime editing represent significant advancements in genome editing technology.
  • Their accuracy, simplicity, and multiplexing capabilities offer advantages for research.
  • These tools hold promise for fundamental biology, biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.