Synthesize of an Azo Compound: Investigation its Optical Nonlinear Properties and DFT Study

In the present work, a diazonium salt is prepared by a diazonium reaction of sulfamerazine in the presence of aqueous hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrate. Structural confirmation of azo compounds synthesize is achieved by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and ¹H, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance. The sample geometry is derived using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and DT-DFT applied to the basis set B3LYPL6-311 + G(d,p). An investigation is conducted on the optical nonlinear (ONL) properties of the azo compounds formed under the excitation with a low power 532 nm laser beam using diffraction patterns (DPs) and a typical Z-scan combined with optical limiting. The Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral provides numerically obtained boundary conditions in the sense of experimentally obtained values. As high as 2 × 10^-7 cm²/W of nonlinear refractive index (NLRI), n₂, 1.24 × 10^-3 cm/W of the nonlinear absorption coefficient (NLAC), β, and 15.5 mW of the optical limiting (OL) threshold, T_H, are obtained.