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MicroRNAs as Biomarker in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis to Clinical Relevance

Tooba Qamar1, Md Samsuddin Ansari2,3, Masihuddin4

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|December 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show potential as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biomarkers, improving diagnosis and treatment. Machine learning integrates miRNA data for precise RA prediction and management, offering new hope for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis faces challenges due to low sensitivity and specificity of current biomarkers like rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA).
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in RA pathogenesis, influencing inflammatory pathways and gene expression.
  • Specific miRNAs, including miR-146a, miR-155, miR-223, miR-126, and miR-24, are implicated in RA's inflammatory cascades and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • To investigate the role of specific miRNAs in RA pathogenesis and their modulation of the disease microenvironment.
  • To highlight the application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in integrating miRNA expression with clinical data for improved RA management.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • Review of existing literature on the role of specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-146a, miR-155, miR-223, miR-126, miR-24) in RA.
  • Integration of miRNA expression data with clinical information using machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.

Main Results:

  • Certain miRNAs demonstrate potential as sensitive and specific biomarkers for RA diagnosis and prognosis.
  • miRNAs like miR-146a and miR-155 are involved in regulating inflammatory responses and joint damage in RA.
  • ML and AI models effectively integrate miRNA expression profiles with clinical data, enabling accurate predictions of RA onset, progression, and treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs represent a promising avenue for precision medicine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management.
  • Overcoming challenges in miRNA validation, delivery, and off-target effects is crucial for clinical application.
  • The synergy of miRNA profiling and advanced computational approaches like ML/AI holds significant potential to revolutionize RA diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Keywords:
biomarkerdiagnosisinflammatorymiRNArheumatoid arthritis

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