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Genomic Epidemiology of 2023-2024 Oropouche Outbreak in Iquitos, Peru reveals independent origin from a concurrent

Maribel Paredes Olortegui1, Francesca Schiaffino2,3, Pablo Peñataro Yori1,2

  • 1Asociación Benéfica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|December 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Oropouche virus outbreaks in the Americas are re-emerging. Peruvian surveillance identified distinct Oropouche virus strains, suggesting a multifocal origin rather than spread from Brazil.

Area of Science:

  • Arbovirology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Americas, with outbreaks reported since 1955.
  • Recent OROV activity in the Amazon region necessitates updated epidemiological and genetic characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the emergence of Oropouche virus in Peru in late 2023.
  • To characterize the clinical features of Oropouche virus-associated febrile illness.
  • To determine the genetic relationship of Peruvian OROV strains to other South American isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an established acute febrile illness (AFI) surveillance program in Iquitos, Peru.
  • Performed clinical data analysis to identify distinctive symptoms.
  • Conducted sequencing of viral isolates to analyze genetic relatedness.

Main Results:

  • Arthralgia and dysuria, with an absence of diarrhea, were identified as key clinical features of OROV-associated AFI.
  • Sequencing revealed OROV strains in Peru were distinct from Brazilian strains but similar to those in Colombia and Ecuador.
  • The genetic data suggests a multifocal origin for the current South American OROV outbreak.

Conclusions:

  • The 2023 Peruvian Oropouche virus outbreak highlights the importance of ongoing arbovirus surveillance.
  • Distinct clinical presentations aid in differentiating OROV from other febrile illnesses.
  • Genetic evidence supports independent emergence events across South America, challenging a single-source spread hypothesis.
Keywords:
acute febrile illnessarbovirusorthobunyavirus

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