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Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

Maternal immune activation does not affect maternal microchimeric cells.

Alexandria Borges¹, Naoki Irie²

¹Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.

|December 23, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal microchimerism (MMc) involves maternal cells persisting in offspring. This study found MMc cell frequencies remain stable in mice even when the mother

Keywords:

Cell-level epigenetics Embryonic development Immunology Maternal microchimerism

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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

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Published on: March 25, 2016

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Placental mammals naturally exhibit maternal microchimerism (MMc), where maternal cells persist in offspring.
Varying MMc frequencies are linked to diverse outcomes, including immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
Factors influencing MMc frequency variations are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if maternal immunological activation influences MMc cell frequencies in offspring.
To determine if immune-related maternal cells are differentially distributed under immune-activated conditions.

Main Methods:

Maternal immune activation induced in mice using lipopolysaccharide during mid-gestation.
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of spleen, thymus, and liver in offspring.
Quantification of immune-related maternal cells in embryonic organs.

Main Results:

No significant difference in the number or ratio of immune-related maternal cells was detected in offspring organs.
MMc cell frequencies remained stable despite maternal immune activation.
Offspring from healthy littermates showed varying MMc frequencies and cell types.

Conclusions:

Maternal microchimerism frequencies appear stable, even under immune-challenged conditions.
A potential regulatory system may control MMc cell migration irrespective of immunological status.
Further research is needed to understand factors influencing MMc variability.