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Fatemeh Bibak1,2,3, Flavio Del Santo4,5, Borivoje Dakić1,2

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Researchers demonstrate verifying quantum coherence in networks without changing experimental settings or inputs. This finding advances quantum information science by showing quantum correlations in multi-party networks are distinct from classical ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Networks
  • Quantum Correlations

Background:

  • Verifying quantum coherence traditionally requires altering measurement settings or inputs in quantum experiments.
  • The double-slit experiment serves as a classic example, demonstrating coherence through interference patterns under varying slit conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a method for verifying quantum coherence in network scenarios without modifying experimental inputs.
  • To explore the fundamental differences between classical and quantum correlations in multi-party network settings.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated probability distributions for joint outcomes in a three-party triangular network with independent sources.
  • Derived novel nonlinear inequalities that are inherently satisfied by classical resources but can be violated by quantum states.
  • Generalized the findings to n-party networks to analyze the scaling of quantum-classical discrepancies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence of probability distributions in a three-party network that are unachievable with classical resources, thus proving quantum coherence.
  • Showed that the difference between classical and quantum correlations in networks grows with an increasing number of parties.
  • Identified specific quantum states that violate the derived classical inequalities.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum coherence can be verified in network scenarios without the need for input adjustments or changing measurement settings.
  • Quantum networks exhibit correlations fundamentally distinct from classical networks, with this distinction amplifying as the network size increases.
  • The derived nonlinear inequalities provide a new tool for detecting and quantifying quantumness in complex network systems.