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Updated: May 8, 2025

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Advancing working memory research through cortico-cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Phivos Phylactou1,2,3, Nikos Konstantinou3, Edward F Ester4

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|December 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods, specifically cortico-cortical TMS, can help test new theories of working memory (WM). This approach offers a path to explore the distributed view of WM and its neural basis.

Keywords:
ccPAScortico-corticalpaired associative stimulationsensory recruitmenttranscranial magnetic stimulationworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) has been extensively studied, revealing complex neural underpinnings.
  • Emerging theories, like the distributed view of WM, necessitate advanced research methodologies.
  • Current methods may not fully capture the nuanced neural dynamics proposed by newer WM models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how advanced transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques can be applied to study working memory.
  • To discuss the potential of cortico-cortical TMS in testing predictions of the distributed view of working memory.
  • To identify barriers and provide examples for implementing cortico-cortical TMS in WM research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of state-of-the-art transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques.
  • Conceptual framework for applying cortico-cortical TMS to working memory research.
  • Discussion of challenges and potential solutions for implementing novel TMS protocols.

Main Results:

  • Cortico-cortical TMS offers a promising avenue for investigating the distributed nature of working memory.
  • The application of TMS can be guided by ongoing debates, such as the sensory recruitment framework.
  • Specific examples illustrate how cortico-cortical TMS can probe WM functions.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced TMS methods, particularly cortico-cortical TMS, are crucial for the progression of working memory research.
  • Overcoming implementation barriers will unlock new possibilities for understanding WM's neural basis.
  • This approach holds potential for refining and validating contemporary theories of working memory.