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Impact of AI on the Cyber Kill Chain: A Systematic Review
Mateusz Kazimierczak1, Nuzaira Habib1, Jonathan H Chan2
1Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Heliyon
|December 25, 2024
Summary
Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhances cyberattacks, particularly in early stages. Current defenses struggle against AI-driven threats, necessitating new strategies to counter evolving cyber intrusion tactics.
Area of Science:
- Cybersecurity
- Artificial Intelligence
- Defense Strategy
Background:
- The Cyber Kill Chain (CKC) model outlines seven stages of cyber intrusions.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements enable sophisticated cyberattacks.
- Existing defense mechanisms may be inadequate against AI-powered threats.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine and categorize AI tool usage by attackers.
- To identify how AI impacts the Cyber Kill Chain (CKC) model.
- To propose defense mechanisms against AI-driven cyber threats.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of 62 papers.
- Analysis of research published between 2013 and 2023.
- Data sourced from Web of Science and Google Scholar.
Main Results:
- AI-based tools are most effective in the initial stages of cyberattacks.
- Current defense tools are not optimized for AI-enhanced initial-stage attacks.
- AI significantly alters the cyber threat landscape.
Conclusions:
- Highlight the evolving threat landscape due to AI.
- Guide the development of advanced cyber defense mechanisms.
- Address the vulnerability of initial attack stages to AI tools.
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