[Research progress and application of nanobodies].

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Nanobodies (Nbs), also known as VHH, are single-domain antibodies from Camelidae and sharks.
• Nbs offer advantages over conventional antibodies, including smaller size, enhanced stability, and lower immunogenicity.
• Their unique properties enable versatile bioconjugation for diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the structure, characteristics, and library construction of Nanobodies.
• To review strategies for Nanobody affinity maturation.
• To explore current diagnostic and therapeutic applications of Nanobodies, particularly for infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on Nanobody technology.
• Discussion of Nanobody library construction and screening methodologies.
• Analysis of Nanobody bioconjugation techniques and application strategies.

Main Results:

• Nanobodies exhibit potent antigen targeting and binding capabilities.
• Bioconjugation of Nbs with various functional groups enhances their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
• Current applications span diagnosis and treatment across human and animal diseases.

Conclusions:

• Nanobodies represent a promising platform for developing advanced diagnostic reagents.
• Nbs offer a valuable foundation for novel clinical therapies, especially for infectious diseases.
• Further research into Nanobody development can significantly impact medical diagnostics and treatments.