Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Role of Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns-A Comprehensive Review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and irreversible disease affecting many people worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle play a vital role in COPD progression. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the effect of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns on preventing and treating COPD. For this reason, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched. Based on our findings, it appears that adhering to a healthy dietary pattern rich in vegetables, legumes, fruit, nuts, and whole grains may have advantageous impacts on preventing and treating COPD while following an unhealthy dietary pattern rich in red and processed meat, saturated fats, sweets, and sugary drinks affect COPD negatively. Adhering to Mediterranean, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Prudent, Ketogenic, and High-protein diet may be related to a lower risk of COPD and improved pulmonary function. Conversely, Western and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting diets may elevate the prevalence of COPD. Proposing a nutritious diet that enhances pulmonary function could potentially be an effective approach to preventing and managing COPD. A comprehensive knowledge of the relationship between dietary factors and COPD can provide healthcare professionals with properly supported approaches to advise patients and empower individuals to make informed lifestyle decisions that are beneficial to improve their pulmonary health.