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Bacterial Growth Temperature as a Horizontally Acquired Polygenic Trait.

Anne A Farrell1, Camilla L Nesbø2,3, Olga Zhaxybayeva1,4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.

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The study reveals that bacteria adapt to different temperatures by gaining or losing genes, with horizontal gene transfer playing a key role in evolving specific growth temperatures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of optimal growth temperatures in organisms is crucial.
  • The genetic basis for adaptation to specific temperatures remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history of optimal growth temperatures in the Thermotogota phylum.
  • To identify genes associated with adaptation to different temperature ranges.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of 64 bacteria from the Thermotogota phylum.
  • Gene gain and loss modeling throughout evolutionary history.
  • Pangenome-wide association study to correlate gene presence/absence with growth temperature.

Main Results:

  • The last common ancestor of Thermotogota was thermophilic; mesophilic and hyperthermophilic lifestyles evolved secondarily.
  • Adaptation to temperature involves both gene acquisition and loss.
  • 68 genes, primarily involved in metabolism and gene regulation, were associated with specific growth temperatures, many acquired via horizontal gene transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary temperature adaptation in Thermotogota is driven by gene acquisition and loss.
  • Horizontal gene transfer facilitates independent adaptation to similar temperatures across different species.