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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
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Thermally Solvent-Free Cross-Linked pH/Thermosensitive Hydrogels as Smart Drug Delivery Systems.

Sanda Bucatariu1, Bogdan Cosman2, Marieta Constantin1

  • 1"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel dual pH- and thermo-responsive hydrogel for targeted drug delivery. The smart hydrogel can sense physiological changes and control drug release, offering a new approach for treating various diseases.

Keywords:
cross-linked polymersdrug delivery systemspH/thermosensitive hydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Imbalances in body pH and temperature can trigger immune responses and lead to diseases like autoimmune disorders, infections, cancer, and diabetes.
  • Advanced drug delivery microdevices, such as dual pH- and thermo-responsive carriers, are being developed to release pharmaceuticals in response to specific stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel hydrogel-based drug delivery system that responds to both pH and temperature changes.
  • To create a 'smart' system capable of detecting physiological disturbances and modulating drug release accordingly.

Main Methods:

  • A novel hydrogel was synthesized by cross-linking poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroyethyl acrylamide) (P(NIPAAm-co-HEAAm)) and poly(methylvinylether-alt-maleic acid) (P(MVE/MA)) using a solvent-free thermal approach.
  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies were employed to analyze the chemical structure of the polymers and hydrogels.
  • Investigated the recovery of thermosensitivity in physiological conditions through electrostatic interaction with biomolecules.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogel exhibits dual pH and thermosensitivity.
  • Under physiological conditions, the hydrogel initially loses its thermosensitivity but can regain it upon interaction with specific biomolecules.
  • The system demonstrates the potential to signal physiological disturbances and control drug release by collapsing thermosensitive units.

Conclusions:

  • The novel pH/thermosensitive hydrogel acts as a biosensor, detecting physiological imbalances.
  • This smart drug delivery system can dynamically modulate drug release profiles in response to detected stimuli.
  • The research presents a promising platform for advanced therapeutic interventions in various diseases.