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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
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Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

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3D-Printed Self-Assembling Helical Models for Exploring Viral Capsid Structures.

Donald Plante1, Keegan Unzen1, John R Jungck2

  • 1Department of Applied Engineering & Sciences, University of New Hampshire at Manchester, Manchester, NH 03101, USA.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used 3D printing to create self-assembling helical viral capsid models. These models mimic viral assembly, offering insights into structure and stability for educational and research purposes.

Keywords:
3D-printing4D-printingTMVcapsidcapsomerehelicalhelixself-assemblyvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Viral capsids, the protein shells of viruses, self-assemble into precise structures.
  • Previous research utilized 3D printing for spherical capsid models, but helical structures presented unique challenges.
  • Understanding viral assembly is crucial for developing antiviral therapies and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate 3D-printed components for self-assembling helical viral capsids.
  • To investigate the role of geometric parameters and magnetic interactions in helical capsid assembly.
  • To provide a novel, accessible model for studying viral architecture and self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Additive manufacturing (3D printing) to create custom components.
  • Integration of dual-helix phyllotactic patterns for structural guidance.
  • Simplified electrostatic simulations to model inter-component interactions.
  • Analysis of self-assembly into cylindrical structures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed 3D-printed components that self-assemble into helical capsid models.
  • Demonstrated consistent self-assembly into cylindrical structures, mimicking natural helical capsids.
  • Gained insights into the structural organization and stability of helical viral capsids through physical modeling.
  • Validated the use of geometric and magnetic cues for directed self-assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Additive manufacturing offers a powerful and accessible platform for creating mesoscale self-assembling models.
  • 3D-printed helical capsid models provide valuable tools for research in structural biology and nanotechnology.
  • This approach enhances education by enabling hands-on exploration of complex viral assembly mechanisms.
  • The study highlights the potential for 3D printing in designing functional biomimetic structures.