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Updated: May 8, 2025
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Published on: August 30, 2018
A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials: Can Patient Adherence to Antibiotics Be Improved Through Pharmaceutical
1CBIOS-Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Background:
Patient adherence to antibiotics is vital to ensure treatment efficiency.
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of pharmacist communication-based interventions on patients' adherence to antibiotics.
Methods:
A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for systematic review (PRISMA) checklist and flow diagram. Controlled trials were included.
Databases:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Quality, risk of bias, and confidence in cumulative evidence were evaluated.
Results:
Twenty-one trials were selected, with better patient adherence for the intervention than the control group. However, statistically significant differences were only found in two-thirds of these trials. The use of educational leaflets, personalized delivery of antibiotics, follow-up measures, and structured counseling were among the most impactful and significant interventions. The fact that community and/or hospital pharmacists were required to intervene in both groups (e.g., intervention vs. control/usual care) may explain that statistically significant differences were not achieved in all trials. Moderate quality issues and/or risk of bias were detected in some of the evaluated trials. The cumulative evidence was classified as high to moderate, which was considered acceptable.
Conclusion:
It seems that more intense and structured pharmacist interventions can improve patient adherence to antibiotics.
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