Factors associated with maternal mortality in Ica, Peru: A matched case-control study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Maternal mortality remains a critical global health issue, especially in developing regions like Ica, Peru.
• Understanding region-specific risk factors is essential for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze risk factors associated with maternal mortality in Ica, Peru.
• To identify key determinants for developing effective prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study design was employed.
• Data were collected from hospital records of 49 maternal deaths and 98 controls.
• Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant risk factors.

Main Results:

• Absence of a partner (adjusted OR: 12.3) significantly increased maternal mortality risk.
• History of anemia (adjusted OR: 5.8) and delays in medical care access (adjusted OR: 10.2) were critical risk factors.
• Lack of companion awareness regarding warning signs like vaginal bleeding (adjusted OR: 7.4) was also associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions:

• Key modifiable risk factors include social support, anemia management, timely healthcare access, and public awareness of obstetric emergencies.
• Strengthening prenatal care, improving transportation, and enhancing health education are vital for reducing preventable maternal deaths in Ica.
• Collaboration between the Ministry of Health and regional governments is recommended to improve maternal health services.