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Related Concept Videos

Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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What are Biogeochemical Cycles?00:54

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The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
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Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
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Ocean as source or sink for legacy persistent organic pollutants.

Chuchu Chen1, Fen Yang2, Qiang Wu1

  • 1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|December 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The ocean

Keywords:
Boosted regression tree modelLegacy persistent organic pollutantsSea-air fluxesSource-sink transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Oceanography
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are being phased out globally.
  • The ocean's role in the POPs cycle is transitioning, acting as both a sink and a source.
  • Understanding air-sea fluxes is crucial for managing POPs contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the air-sea fluxes of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
  • To analyze the spatiotemporal variability of OCPs and PCBs in air and seawater.
  • To assess the impact of time, latitude, and temperature on POPs fluxes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies up to 2023 from Web of Science.
  • Analysis of OCP and PCB concentrations in atmospheric and oceanic samples.
  • Modeling of air-sea fluxes based on concentration data and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant spatiotemporal variations in OCP and PCB concentrations were observed.
  • Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) showed volatilization in equatorial regions and deposition at higher latitudes.
  • DDTs primarily exhibited deposition, with exceptions in Southeast Asia; PCBs generally showed deposition with regional variations.
  • Time significantly influenced POPs fluxes due to regulatory changes and human activities.

Conclusions:

  • Air-sea exchange of legacy POPs is complex and geographically variable.
  • The ocean's role as a reservoir and source of POPs is influenced by ongoing regulatory actions and environmental conditions.
  • Further research is needed to refine understanding of POPs cycling in the marine environment.