Contribution of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A Genotypes to Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Risk in Taiwan

The disruption of cell-cycle control can lead to an imbalance in cell proliferation, often accompanied by genomic instability, which in turn can facilitate carcinogenesis. This study aimed to examine the impact of CDKN1A rs1801270 and rs1059234 polymorphisms on the risk of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in Taiwan.

The genotypes of CDKN1A rs1801270 and rs1059234 in 266 childhood ALL cases and 266 controls were determined using PCR-RFLP techniques.

The genotypic and allelic frequencies for CDKN1A rs1801270 and rs1059234 did not significantly differ between childhood ALL cases and controls (all p>0.05). However, stratified analysis revealed that the CDKN1A rs1801270 AA variant was associated with a reduced risk of childhood ALL in males (OR=0.40, 95%CI=0.20-0.82, p=0.0178). Additionally, the AC and AA genotypes of rs1801270 were linked to a lower risk classification for childhood ALL and longer survival times (OR=0.57 and 0.31, 95%CI=0.33-0.97 and 0.18-0.56, p=0.0538 and 0.0001, respectively). No significant associations were found for rs1059234 in the stratified analyses (p>0.05 for all).

Although CDKN rs1801270 and rs1059234 genotypes were not associated with an overall risk of childhood ALL, CDKN1A rs1801270 polymorphism may serve as a protective predictor in males and as a potential marker for better prognosis of childhood ALL. Validation in larger and more diverse populations is necessary to confirm the feasibility of this predictor.