Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Intravascular Perfusion of Carbon Black Ink Allows Reliable Visualization of Cerebral Vessels
Published on: January 4, 2013
SWI brush sign of cerebral parenchymal veins in central nervous system diseases
Seiya Kishi1, Masayuki Maeda2, Ryota Kogue3
1Department of Radiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. skishi@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Brush sign (BS) was first reported as prominent hypointensity of deep medullary veins and subependymal veins on T2*-weighted images at 3 T MRI in patients with acute stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Subsequently, BS in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as moyamoya disease, cerebral venous thrombosis, and Sturge-Weber syndrome was also described on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and the clinical implications of BS were discussed. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate BS on SWI in various CNS diseases and its mechanisms in the above-mentioned diseases. We also explain the clinical implications of this finding in each disease.
Related Concept Videos
Veins of Head and Neck
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
Cranial and Spinal Meninges
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Arteries of the Head and Neck
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

