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Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
This approach...

Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory

Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory

Self-Determination Theory (SDT), formulated by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, explains that human motivation is driven by three fundamental psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. When these needs are met, individuals experience personal growth, intrinsic motivation, and overall well-being.
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who...

Data Collection by Survey

Data Collection by Survey

The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Higher education staff development: a need-oriented approach based on survey research.

Klaudia Zwolińska-Glądys¹, Sylwia Lorenc², Natalia Kowalska²

¹Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland. kzwolinska@agh.edu.pl.

Scientific Reports

|December 29, 2024

Summary

Continuous professional development for university staff is vital for higher education institutions. This study identifies key skill areas for academic staff training, with findings potentially varying by employee demographics.

Keywords:

Higher education Personal development Quality education Skills improvement Train the trainers

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Higher Education Studies
Human Resource Development
Educational Management

Background:

Continuous professional development (CPD) is essential for universities to fulfill their missions.
University staff engage in teaching, research, and industry collaboration, necessitating ongoing skill enhancement.
Identifying specific training needs is crucial for effective CPD programs in higher education.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify crucial areas and skills for academic staff development.
To assess academic teachers' perspectives on training initiatives.
To analyze training needs within Polish higher education institutions.

Main Methods:

A case study approach focusing on higher education institutions in Poland.
A survey research tool administered to teaching and research staff.
Data collection on the perceived importance of developing specific employee skills.

Main Results:

Key areas for specialist training were identified based on employee input.
The study highlights specific fields prioritized for professional development.
Demographic factors such as gender and age may influence staff training needs and preferences.

Conclusions:

Targeted professional development programs are necessary for university staff.
Understanding employee perspectives is vital for designing effective training initiatives.
Demographic variations should be considered when planning CPD strategies in academia.