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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...

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Contrast Ultrasound Targeted Treatment of Gliomas in Mice via Drug-Bearing Nanoparticle Delivery and Microvascular Ablation

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Size-dependent Nanoparticle Accumulation In Venous Malformations.

Kathleen Cullion^1,2, Claire A Ostertag-Hill^1,3, Weimin Tang^1,2

¹Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Vascular Anomalies

|December 30, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Smaller nanoparticles (NPs) show enhanced accumulation in venous malformations (VMs) via the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. This research identifies optimal NP size for VM drug delivery, improving treatment efficacy and reducing toxicity.

Keywords:

drug delivery enhanced permeation and retention nanoparticles venous malformations

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Current treatments for venous malformations (VMs) involve systemic medications with toxic side effects or complex procedures with high risks.
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a potential strategy to improve drug delivery to VMs, enhancing efficacy and reducing systemic toxicity through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect.
The influence of NP size on EPR in VMs remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of nanoparticle size on accumulation within venous malformations (VMs) via the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect.
To determine the optimal nanoparticle size for passive accumulation in VMs, informing future therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

A murine model of subcutaneous VMs was established using specific endothelial cells harboring a common VM-associated mutation.
Hollow silica nanoparticles (NPs) of varying sizes (20, 50, 80, 180 nm), coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated to a fluorophore, were administered systemically.
NP accumulation within VMs and organs was quantified using confocal microscopy and an in vivo imaging system.

Main Results:

PEGylated hollow silica NPs exhibited hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 31.6 nm to 232 nm.
Smaller NPs demonstrated significantly greater accumulation within VMs compared to larger NPs.
Specifically, 20 nm NPs showed 2x greater accumulation than 50 nm NPs and 6x greater accumulation than NPs larger than 80 nm (P < .01).

Conclusions:

This study identifies 20 nm as the optimal size for nanoparticle accumulation in venous malformations via the EPR effect.
These findings provide a crucial foundation for the development of size-optimized nanoparticles for targeted VM treatment.
Optimizing NP size can enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize off-target toxicity in VM management.