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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.1K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

22.9K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
22.9K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.2K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Updated: May 7, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Electrochemically-Formed Disordered Rock Salt ω-Li x V9Mo6O40 as a Fast-Charging Li-Ion Electrode Material.

Daniel D Robertson1, Charlene Z Salamat1, David J Pe1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Chemistry of Materials : a Publication of the American Chemical Society
|December 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electrochemically-formed disordered rock salt materials offer fast-charging capabilities for lithium-ion batteries. This study reveals the transformation pathway and microstructure of V9Mo6O40, enhancing understanding of these advanced energy storage materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Disordered rock salt compounds are promising Li-ion electrode materials for fast charging.
  • Understanding their formation and performance factors is crucial for advancing energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the transformation mechanism of electrochemically-formed disordered rock salt from V9Mo6O40 (VMO).
  • To investigate the charge storage properties and microstructure of the resulting Li-VMO material.

Main Methods:

  • Operando X-ray diffraction to study the transformation pathway.
  • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy to analyze microstructure.
  • Electrochemical testing for charge storage performance.

Main Results:

  • VMO exhibits a single-step transformation pathway due to structural inflexibility.
  • A highly distorted lamellar microstructure is formed.
  • The Li-VMO material demonstrates fast-charging capabilities and nanomaterial-like performance despite larger particle size.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the formation mechanism and microstructure of electrochemically-formed disordered rock salt from VMO.
  • The findings provide insights into tailoring these materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.