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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

13.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Updated: May 7, 2025

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

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Atomically engineering interlayer symmetry operations of two-dimensional crystals.

Ziyi Han1,2, Shengqiang Wu1, Chun Huang3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Nature Communications
|December 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate a substrate-guided method to precisely control crystal symmetry in layered SnSe2 superlattices. This enables new stacking configurations with tunable nonlinear optical properties for advanced materials applications.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Crystal symmetry fundamentally dictates material properties.
  • Engineering crystal symmetry is challenging due to strong atomic bonds.
  • Layered 2D materials offer a platform for crystal engineering, but controlling symmetry is difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for atomically precise fabrication of layered superlattices with controlled crystal symmetry.
  • To explore novel stacking configurations in SnSe2 beyond simple AB stacking.
  • To investigate the impact of engineered symmetry on material properties, specifically nonlinear optical responses.

Main Methods:

  • Substrate-guided growth mechanism using chemical vapor deposition.
  • Atomic fabrication of AB'-stacked SnSe2 superlattices.
  • First-principle calculations to predict material properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated AB'-stacked SnSe2 superlattices with alternating slabs and periodic interlayer symmetry operations.
  • Achieved higher-order phases (6R, 12R, 18C) stabilized by charge transfer from mica substrates.
  • Modulated nonlinear optical responses observed in these engineered phases.

Conclusions:

  • A substrate-guided growth approach enables precise control over crystal symmetry in layered materials.
  • Engineered SnSe2 superlattices exhibit tunable nonlinear optical properties.
  • This strategy offers a promising route towards realizing topological phases via stackingtronics.