Recent Advances in Wide-Range Temperature Metal-CO₂ Batteries: A Mini Review

The metal-carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices, enable direct CO₂ utilization, offering promising prospects for CO₂ capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO₂ batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO₂ batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO₂ battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO₂ batteries.