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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

Targeted enamel remineralization with mineral-loaded starch particles.

Nathan A Jones¹, Li-Chi Pan¹, Susan E Flannagan²

¹GreenMark Biomedical Inc, East Lansing and Ann Arbor, MI.

JADA Foundational Science

|January 1, 2025

Summary

New mineral-loaded starch particles show promise for early caries treatment. These particles target the subsurface of lesions, improving enamel remineralization and visual aesthetics compared to traditional fluoride treatments.

Keywords:

Caries esthetics nanotechnology noncavitated carious lesions noninvasive treatment remineralization targeted delivery

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

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Published on: July 10, 2014

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

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Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

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Published on: March 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dental Research
Nanotechnology

Background:

Noninvasive caries treatments often have limited efficacy due to topical application.
Targeting the subsurface of early caries lesions with mineral-loaded particles offers a potential alternative approach.
This study presents an in vitro proof-of-concept for such a strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of mineral-loaded cationic starch (MLCS) particles for remineralizing early caries lesions.
To compare MLCS particles (fluoride-plus and fluoride-free) with traditional fluoride treatments and controls.
To assess the subsurface targeting and remineralization potential of MLCS particles.

Main Methods:

Mineral-loaded cationic starch (MLCS) particles containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride were prepared.
MLCS particles (fluoride-plus and fluoride-free) were tested against 1,000 ppm fluoride and deionized water controls.
Treatment efficacy was assessed on natural caries lesions using microcomputed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and visual assessment over a 20-day period.

Main Results:

MLCS particles demonstrated sustained mineral ion release.
Significant restoration of lesion mineral density was observed with MLCS-FP (42.9%) and MLCS-FF (38.6%) compared to fluoride (7.4%) and controls (-18%).
MLCS treatments showed superior subsurface remineralization and improved visual aesthetics (reduced opacity) and fluorescence compared to controls.

Conclusions:

Mineral-loaded starch particles show potential for enamel remineralization via targeted subsurface mineral delivery.
These MLCS particles represent a novel approach for treating early-stage dental caries.
The in vitro results support the superiority of MLCS formulations over conventional treatments for subsurface remineralization and esthetics.