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Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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Neuronal Communication01:28

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Organization of the Brain01:30

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
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The brain's action-mode network.

Nico U F Dosenbach1,2,3,4,5,6, Marcus E Raichle7,8,9,10,11, Evan M Gordon8

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ndosenbach@wustl.edu.

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The brain operates in distinct functional modes, influencing behavior.
  • Awake brain states correlate with specific behavioral patterns.
  • Goal-directed actions involve a specialized brain function mode.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To functionally define the action-mode network (AMN).
  • To differentiate the AMN from adjacent brain networks.
  • To elucidate the diverse functions controlled by the AMN.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of classical and recent human and animal evidence.
  • Functional annotation of the cingulo-opercular network.
  • Comparative analysis with spatially adjacent networks.

Main Results:

  • The action-mode network (AMN) drives goal-directed behavior.
  • AMN functions include arousal, attention, planning, and physiological control.
  • The AMN counterbalances the default-mode network in brain function.

Conclusions:

  • Functional naming of the cingulo-opercular network as AMN enhances clarity.
  • The AMN integrates diverse functions for action execution.
  • The AMN and default-mode network represent opposing, balancing brain states.