Relationship between oxidative balance indicators and Chronic Kidney Disease

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress
• Nephrology and Kidney Disease Research
• Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 9.1% of the global population, representing a significant public health concern.
• Oxidative stress is implicated in CKD pathogenesis, with indicators like Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) being of research interest.
• The precise association between these oxidative balance markers and CKD risk remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between key oxidative balance indicators (OBS, PAB, TAC) and the risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
• To evaluate the predictive performance of OBS, PAB, and TAC in assessing CKD risk.
• To explore potential roles of oxidative balance in CKD prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional analysis of 18,951 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2018.
• Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression models were utilized to examine associations between oxidative balance indicators and CKD.
• Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive accuracy of OBS, PAB, and TAC for CKD risk.

Main Results:

• Elevated levels of OBS and PAB were significantly associated with a reduced risk of CKD, even after adjusting for confounding factors (OR = 0.97, P < 0.001 for OBS; OR = 0.94, P < 0.001 for PAB).
• The highest quartiles of OBS and PAB showed substantial inverse associations with CKD risk (OR = 0.60, P < 0.001 for OBS; OR = 0.77, P = 0.013 for PAB).
• Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) did not demonstrate a significant association with CKD. OBS exhibited the strongest predictive ability for CKD risk (AUC = 0.579).

Conclusions:

• Oxidative balance indicators, specifically OBS and PAB, are inversely correlated with CKD risk, suggesting a protective role.
• TAC did not show a significant association with CKD in this study population.
• OBS emerged as the most potent predictor of CKD risk among the evaluated indicators, underscoring the importance of oxidative balance in kidney health and potential prevention strategies.