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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Aberrant Complement Activation Is Associated With Structural Brain Damage in Multiple Sclerosis.

Johanna Oechtering1,2, Sabine Anna Schaedelin2,3, Kerstin Stein4

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|January 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement activation in cerebrospinal fluid is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) progression and brain damage. Targeting the complement system may help reduce MS-related disability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Complement System Biology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Elevated complement protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlate with multiple sclerosis (MS) severity.
  • Understanding the relationship between complement activation and MS disease activity is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if complement activation profiles in CSF correlate with quantitative MRI metrics and liquid biomarkers of MS disease activity and progression.
  • To determine the association between specific complement components and markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified 12 complement components and activation products in the CSF of 112 patients with clinically isolated syndromes and 127 with MS.
  • Assessed longitudinal MRIs and quantified liquid biomarkers including neurofilament light chain, GFAP, CXCL-13, CXCL-9, and IL-12b.
  • Utilized multivariable models to analyze associations between complement parameters and MRI/biomarker outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Complement components C4a, Ba, and C3a were strongly associated with accelerated brain atrophy and increased T2-weighted lesion volumes.
  • C3a and Ba correlated with higher odds of contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) and increased incidence rates of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs).
  • C1q, C3a, and C4a were linked to elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, indicating neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Intrathecal complement activation is consistently associated with MRI metrics and biomarkers of MS disease activity and progression.
  • Aberrant complement activation significantly correlates with structural brain damage in MS.
  • Targeting the complement system presents a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate disability accumulation in MS.