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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

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Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
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Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

2.4K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.2K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
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Arginine as a Multifunctional Additive for High Performance S-Cathode.

Lulu Ren1, Ying Guo1, Chunhua Ying1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA-99164, USA.

Chemsuschem
|January 3, 2025
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Arginine, an amino acid, effectively traps polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries. This enhances performance and stability by reducing shuttle effects and improving ion diffusion.

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ArginineLi2S nucleationLi–S batteryS cathode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer high theoretical energy density but face challenges.
  • Key issues include the insulating nature of sulfur, slow redox kinetics, and polysulfide dissolution/shuttling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of arginine (Arg), an amino acid, as a functional additive in sulfur cathodes for Li-S batteries.
  • To address polysulfide shuttling and improve electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Computational simulation to predict arginine-polysulfide interactions.
  • Experimental synthesis and characterization of sulfur cathodes with arginine additive.
  • Electrochemical testing including rate capability and cycling stability analysis.

Main Results:

  • Simulations confirmed strong interactions between positively charged arginine and polysulfides.
  • Experimental results showed arginine effectively trapped polysulfides, mitigating shuttle effects.
  • Addition of 1 wt% arginine enhanced electrolyte wettability, ion diffusion, and redox kinetics.
  • The modified cathode exhibited improved rate performance and long-term cycling stability.

Conclusions:

  • Arginine acts as an effective bio-additive in sulfur cathodes, trapping polysulfides and enhancing Li-S battery performance.
  • Amino acids show significant potential for developing advanced, sustainable energy storage solutions.
  • This approach offers a novel strategy for overcoming key limitations in Li-S battery technology.