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Crafting dental specialities in Iran: insights from a qualitative study
Tayebe Rojhanian1, Michael Aryan Kya2, Shahram Yazdani3
1Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
BMC Oral Health
|January 3, 2025
Summary
Dental specialities in Iran developed due to stakeholders and context, not population needs. Key players, like abroad-trained specialists, influenced this, but gaps exist in the establishment process.
Area of Science:
- Dental Public Health
- Health Policy
- Medical Education
Background:
- Dental speciality development varies globally, influenced by economic and social factors.
- Iran, a developing nation, has established diverse dental specialities.
- Understanding the unique determinants of dental specialisation in Iran is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the factors influencing the establishment of dental specialities in Iran.
- To identify the roles of stakeholders and contextual elements in dental specialisation.
- To assess the process and identify gaps in establishing new dental specialities.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative case study approach.
- Analysis of 25 in-depth interviews and 47 documents.
- Content analysis using Atlas.ti software for data organisation and theme development.
Main Results:
- Key influencing factors identified: stakeholders (e.g., government, associations, abroad-trained specialists), contextual factors (cultural, political, economic), and the specialisation process.
- Gaps in the specialisation process include lack of needs assessment, advocacy, career planning, partnerships, and evaluation.
- Stakeholder influence, particularly from abroad-trained specialists, shaped specialities often mirroring international practices rather than addressing local oral health needs.
Conclusions:
- Contextual factors and key stakeholders significantly drove dental specialisation in Iran.
- The establishment process for dental specialities in Iran has critical gaps.
- Limited public demand exists due to low awareness and cost disparities, highlighting a disconnect from specific population oral health needs.
