Periodic Table of Immunomodulatory Elements and Derived Two-Dimensional Biomaterials

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• Immunology

Background:

• The periodic table is fundamental to material chemistry and impacts human health through various materials.
• Nanotechnology and nano-biomaterials are revolutionizing biomedical engineering, particularly in immuno-nanomedicine for inflammatory and infectious diseases.
• Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials offer high surface area and biocompatibility, with intrinsic immunomodulatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an innovative

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing literature on elemental roles in immunoengineered 2D biomaterials.
• Group-wise analysis of elements within the periodic table framework.
• Recapitulation of recent advances in immunomodulatory nanomaterials.

Main Results:

• Elements play distinct roles in designing immunoengineered 2D biomaterials.
• Understanding elemental contributions is key to harnessing immunomodulatory properties.
• The proposed framework facilitates the development of novel nanomaterial structures.

Conclusions:

• The "immunomodulatory periodic table" provides a novel approach to designing advanced biomaterials.
• This framework aids in developing new mono, hybrid, composite, and hetero-structured nanomaterials for immuno-nanomedicine.
• Further exploration of elemental mechanisms will advance the field of immuno-nanomedicine.