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Leveraging U-Net and selective feature extraction for land cover classification using remote sensing imagery.
Leo Thomas Ramos1,2, Angel D Sappa3,4
1Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain. ltramos@cvc.uab.cat.
Scientific Reports
|January 4, 2025
Summary
This study enhances U-Net for land cover classification using SK-ResNeXt, improving accuracy in multispectral imaging. The new model excels at segmenting complex land cover types, outperforming existing methods.
Area of Science:
- Computer Vision
- Remote Sensing
- Machine Learning
Background:
- Land Cover Classification (LCC) is crucial for environmental monitoring.
- Traditional U-Net architectures face challenges with multi-scale features and spatial resolution variations in Multispectral Imaging (MSI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the U-Net architecture for improved LCC using MSI.
- To integrate SK-ResNeXt as an encoder to capture multi-scale features and adapt to spatial resolution variations.
Main Methods:
- The study proposes integrating SK-ResNeXt with U-Net for LCC.
- The Five-Billion-Pixels dataset (150 RGB-NIR images, 5 billion pixels, 24 categories) was used for evaluation.
- Performance was compared against baseline U-Net and other models like DeepLabV3, SegFormer, and PSPNet.
Main Results:
- The SK-ResNeXt-enhanced U-Net achieved significant improvements in Overall Accuracy (OA) and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) across RGB, RG-NIR, and RGB-NIR configurations.
- Improvements ranged from 5.312% to 6.928% in OA and 8.906% to 6.938% in mIoU compared to baseline U-Net.
- The enhanced model outperformed established and state-of-the-art methods, particularly in segmenting challenging classes like water bodies and industrial areas.
Conclusions:
- The integration of SK-ResNeXt effectively enhances U-Net for MSI-based LCC.
- The proposed approach demonstrates superior performance in segmenting complex land cover types.
- This method offers a promising solution for accurate and robust land cover mapping.

