Giant odontoma: A systematic scoping review and case report

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors.
• Giant odontomas are defined as those with at least one dimension ≥30 mm.
• This study provides a scoping review and case report of giant odontomas.

Observation:

• A 6-year-old boy presented with a asymptomatic posterior maxillary swelling.
• Radiography revealed a large, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion with tooth-like structures, displacing teeth and elevating the maxillary sinus floor.
• The tumor measured 32.4 x 22.2 x 15.3 mm and was diagnosed as a giant compound odontoma post-enucleation and histopathological examination.

Findings:

• The mean age of giant odontoma diagnosis is 18.73 years, with equal sex distribution.
• Posterior jaws are the most common site; swelling, pain, and hardness are typical symptoms.
• Diagnosis involves panoramic radiography, CBCT, and histopathology; surgical enucleation is the standard treatment.

Implications:

• Giant odontomas, while benign, require careful management due to their size.
• Treatment decisions involve surgical approach, bone grafting, and jaw stabilization.
• Distinguishing giant from non-giant odontomas relies solely on size criteria.