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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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acp³U: A Conserved RNA Modification with Lessons Yet to Unfold.

Mariana D Mandler1, Sneha Kulkarni1, Pedro J Batista1

  • 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|January 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp³U) modification is vital for cellular processes across life. Its precise roles in tRNA function and cellular homeostasis are still being uncovered.

Keywords:
DTW enzymesacp3UtRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA modifications are ancient and essential cellular processes.
  • 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp³U) is a conserved modification found in tRNA and rRNA.
  • Enzymes responsible for acp³U synthesis in tRNA were recently identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological roles of the acp³U modification in cellular homeostasis.
  • To understand the functional significance of acp³U in different organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on acp³U modification.
  • Analysis of evolutionary conservation of acp³U.
  • Examination of phenotypic effects of acp³U loss in model organisms.

Main Results:

  • acp³U is present in tRNAs (eukaryotes, prokaryotes) and archaeal 16S rRNA.
  • Potential roles include genomic stability in *Escherichia coli*.
  • Loss of acp³U modification enzymes impairs human cell growth.

Conclusions:

  • The biological function of acp³U in tRNAs remains largely unknown.
  • acp³U's conservation and varied roles suggest complex involvement in cellular homeostasis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying acp³U's cellular functions.