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Ciprofloxacin-Induced Encephalopathy

Adelle Kanan1, Alexander T Phan2, Haroon Azhand2

  • 1California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324 USA.

Journal of Medical Cases
|January 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fluoroquinolones (FLQs) can cause serious neurotoxic effects like encephalopathy, even with common drugs like ciprofloxacin. Older adults and those with cognitive issues are at higher risk for these central nervous system adverse effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fluoroquinolones (FLQs) are widely prescribed antibiotics for various infections.
  • While generally safe, FLQs are linked to central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Serious neurotoxic events, including seizures and encephalopathy, are rare but documented FLQ side effects.

Observation:

  • This report details a case of acute encephalopathy in an 88-year-old male with pre-existing dementia.
  • The patient's presentation was evaluated in the emergency department.
  • The case highlights the potential for FLQs to cause neurotoxicity.

Findings:

  • Neurotoxic side effects of FLQs, such as encephalopathy, can occur with ciprofloxacin, not just newer derivatives like levofloxacin.
  • Predisposing factors include advanced age and impaired medication metabolism.
  • The study contributes to understanding the clinical manifestations of FLQ-induced neurotoxicity.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must be vigilant regarding the potential neurotoxic side effects of fluoroquinolones.
  • Awareness of risk factors is crucial for early identification and management of FLQ-related CNS events.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering medication side effects in elderly patients with cognitive decline and acute neurological symptoms.
Keywords:
CiprofloxacinEncephalopathyFluoroquinolonesMedication adverse effects

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