Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a promising candidate for wound healing applications

Effective wound management and treatment are crucial in clinical practice, yet existing strategies often fall short in fully addressing the complexities of skin wound healing. Recent advancements in tissue engineering have introduced innovative approaches, particularly through the use of nanobiomaterials, to enhance the healing process. In this context, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have garnered attention due to their excellent biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can be modified to enhance their therapeutic benefits. Scaffolds and dressings containing TiO₂ NPs have demonstrated promising outcomes in accelerating wound healing and enhancing tissue regeneration. This review paper covers the wound healing process, the biological properties of TiO₂ NPs that make them suitable for promoting wound healing, methods for synthesizing TiO₂ NPs, the use of scaffolds and dressings containing TiO₂ NPs in wound healing, the application of modified TiO₂ NPs in wound healing, and the potential toxicity of TiO₂ NPs.