3D printed cacao-based formulations as nutrient carriers for immune system enhancement

Area of Science:

• Food Science and Technology
• Materials Science
• Nutraceuticals

Background:

• Three-dimensional printing (3DP) offers novel delivery systems for health supplements.
• Vitamin D3 (VitD3) bioavailability is limited by its hydrophobic nature and poor oral absorption.
• Incorporating bioactive compounds into food matrices can enhance their delivery and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the feasibility of using raw Greek honey-infused cacao formulations for 3D printing.
• To evaluate the physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and rheological behavior of these formulations.
• To assess the impact of honey and VitD3 on the structural integrity and printability of cacao-based supplements.

Main Methods:

• Physicochemical analysis, thermal stability testing (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and rheological assessments were performed.
• Cacao formulations were prepared with three Greek honey varieties, including Lavender Honey (LH), and Vitamin D3 (VitD3).
• Printability and structural integrity of the 3D-printed formulations were evaluated.

Main Results:

• Honey-infused cacao printlets remained stable up to 38°C, maintaining a liquid-like state at ambient conditions.
• Increased honey and VitD3 concentrations enhanced viscosity, improving printability and structural integrity.
• A 10% concentration of LH was optimal, showing good miscibility with VitD3 and balanced structural properties.

Conclusions:

• Raw Greek honey can enhance the functionality, palatability, and printability of 3D-printed cacao-based health supplements.
• Honey-infused formulations show potential as effective delivery systems for VitD3, supporting immune function.
• These findings highlight the versatility of honey in developing personalized nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.