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Characteristics of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Cannulation in Older Japanese Inpatients
Motoko Kitada1,2, Shigeo Yamamura1,2, Ayako Ninomiya1,2
1Author Affiliations : Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan (Mss Kitada and Tateno; Drs Ninomiya and Kabashim); Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medical Pharmacy, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan (Dr Yamamura); Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Dr Hori).
Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) use in older adults reveals smaller vessel diameters. Most PIVC insertions were oversized, even with smaller catheters, highlighting the need for tailored approaches in elderly patients.
Area of Science:
- Geriatric Medicine
- Vascular Access
- Medical Device Research
Background:
- Age-related physiological changes impact peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) cannulation.
- Characteristics of PIVCs in older patients remain under-investigated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate PIVC characteristics in hospital inpatients aged 65 years and older.
- To analyze PIVC sizes, insertion sites, number of attempts, venodilation, vessel diameter, and depth using ultrasound.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional observational study of 91 PIVC insertions in patients aged ≥65 years.
- Ultrasound measurements of vessel diameter and depth.
- Analysis of PIVC size, insertion site, and number of attempts.
Main Results:
- Estimated vessel diameters were smaller compared to domestic adult inpatients.
- Most PIVCs were placed at the ideal site on the first attempt.
- The majority of cannulations were oversized, even with a 24-gauge catheter, considering the optimal vein-to-catheter ratio.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences in vessel diameter, catheter size, and site were observed compared to non-Asian studies.
- Further research is needed to identify appropriate veins for PIVC insertion in older adults.
- The definition of "appropriate" PIVC approaches may vary internationally.
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