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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Researching gender and loneliness differently.

Manuela Barreto¹, David Matthew Doyle², Marlies Maes³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|January 6, 2025

Summary

This study suggests moving beyond binary gender comparisons to understand loneliness. It emphasizes exploring diverse gender identities, expressions, and social contexts for a fuller picture.

Keywords:

gender gender stereotypes intersex loneliness nonconformity social stigma transgender

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Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Gender Studies
Sociology

Background:

Existing loneliness research predominantly compares men and women, overlooking nuanced gender dynamics.
Current conceptualizations of gender offer opportunities to explore its multifaceted relationship with loneliness.
Societal ideologies about gender expression significantly influence individual experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose alternative frameworks for examining gender in relation to loneliness.
To integrate multiple gender-related factors and the social environment into loneliness research.
To enhance understanding of loneliness by considering gender nonconformity, gendered life experiences, and couple dynamics.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis drawing on current gender theory and social psychology.
Examination of societal ideologies and their impact on gender expression and loneliness.
Illustrative examples focusing on gender nonconformity, gendered experiences, and relationships.

Main Results:

An expanded conceptualization of gender is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of loneliness.
Factors such as gender identity, expression, roles, and relational experiences are key.
The social and normative context, including marginalization and minority stress, significantly impacts loneliness.

Conclusions:

Future research must adopt a broader perspective, including biological sex, gender identity, expression, roles, relational experiences, and sexual orientation.
Moving beyond binary gender notions to include nonbinary, transgender, and intersex identities is essential.
Understanding the normative context and experiences of minoritized groups is vital for advancing loneliness research.