Whey Protein-Based Hydrogel Microspheres for Endovascular Embolization

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Interventional Radiology
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Transarterial embolization (TAE) uses embolic agents to block arteries, but conventional agents can cause inflammation and ischemia.
• Next-generation agents require biocompatibility, biodegradability, and drug delivery capabilities, yet rapid degradation poses migration risks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize novel whey protein hydrogel microspheres (WPHMS) for transarterial embolization.
• To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of WPHMS as potential endovascular embolization agents.

Main Methods:

• Methacrylated whey protein was used to create WPHMS, which underwent terminal sterilization via autoclaving.
• In vitro tests assessed injectability, compressibility, cytocompatibility (NIH/3T3 cells), and enzymatic degradation (proteinase K).
• In vivo studies in rabbit renal models evaluated acute occlusion and chronic degradation over 3 weeks.

Main Results:

• Sterile WPHMS were successfully suspended in contrast agents and injected through catheters, withstanding compression.
• WPHMS demonstrated cytocompatibility and controlled degradation, with potential for drug loading (doxorubicin hydrochloride).
• In vivo studies confirmed effective acute renal artery occlusion and sustained presence for 3 weeks with degradation, anchoring to fibrous tissue.

Conclusions:

• WPHMS exhibit favorable characteristics for use as endovascular embolization agents.
• The controlled degradation and anchoring of WPHMS residues mitigate risks of off-target embolization.
• WPHMS represent a promising advancement for minimally invasive embolic therapies.