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Bystander Effect

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...

Bullying

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Conduct Disorder

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

Aggression

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

Published on: July 10, 2017

Step by step: Anti-Asian discrimination and bystander intervention.

Bongki Woo¹, Benjamin Roth¹

¹College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.

American Journal of Community Psychology

|January 7, 2025

Summary

Non-Asian bystanders are more likely to intervene in anti-Asian racism incidents when they recognize the event, feel responsible, and know how to act. Intervening boosts future willingness to help combat racism.

Keywords:

Asian Americans antiracism anti‐Asian racism bystander intervention racial discrimination

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

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Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

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Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Sociology
Anti-Racism Studies

Background:

Rising anti-Asian racism necessitates bystander intervention.
Understanding factors influencing bystander action against racism is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore reasons non-Asian bystanders intervene or do not intervene when witnessing anti-Asian racism.
To analyze the decision-making process of bystander intervention in anti-Asian discrimination incidents.

Main Methods:

Qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews.
Conducted interviews with 20 non-Asian college students who witnessed anti-Asian discrimination.
Applied a five-stage sequential decision-making framework for bystander intervention analysis.

Main Results:

Bystander decisions to intervene or not were influenced by factors at each stage: event perception, recognition of severity, perceived responsibility, action planning, and execution.
Witnessing anti-Asian discrimination presented diverse situational factors impacting intervention.
Intervention experiences positively influenced future willingness and confidence to act.

Conclusions:

Bystander intervention is a complex, multi-stage process.
Training for bystander anti-racist intervention could be more effective if structured around this sequential decision-making model.
Further research into situational factors at each intervention stage is warranted.