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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Structurally distinct manganese-sensing riboswitch aptamers regulate different expression platform architectures.

Christine N Stephen, Danea E Palmer, Clarisa Bautista

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Manganese riboswitches control bacterial manganese levels. This study reveals how these riboswitches fold during transcription and sense both manganese and pH, offering new insights into bacterial metal ion regulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Manganese riboswitches regulate bacterial manganese homeostasis by controlling gene expression.
    • Existing structural data of isolated aptamers do not fully explain ligand-induced signaling to the expression platform.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dynamic folding and manganese-sensing mechanisms of two distinct manganese riboswitches (mntP and alx) in E. coli.
    • To elucidate the role of transcription timing and pH in riboswitch function.

    Main Methods:

    • Co-transcriptional RNA chemical probing to visualize dynamic RNA folding intermediates.
    • Single-nucleotide resolution analysis of riboswitch folding during transcription.
    • Investigation of pH-dependent manganese response.

    Main Results:

    • Manganese ion sampling by RNA occurs during, not after, aptamer synthesis and folding.
    • Key differences in the folding pathways of the alx and mntP riboswitches were identified.
    • Riboswitch-specific pH effects on manganese sensing were characterized.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial riboswitches initiate metal ion sampling co-transcriptionally.
    • Differential folding mechanisms and pH sensitivity allow distinct environmental cue detection by related riboswitches.
    • This work provides a high-resolution view of riboswitch folding and sensing dynamics.